My research projects are broadly within the history of metaphysics and epistemology, especially early modern European philosophy. I’m particularly interested in how figures like Spinoza think about explanatory causes while articulating a broader cognitive or epistemic ideal.

Publications:

• “Explicate,” with John Carriero. (2025) In Karolina Hübner & Justin Steinberg (eds.), The Cambridge Spinoza Lexicon.

Works in Progress (e-mail for more information/drafts):

• A paper on understanding, definition, and Spinoza’s 1a4 (title omitted while under review)
• “Spinoza on Causes, Proximity, and Composite Bodies”
• “From Descartes to Spinoza: on the Development of the Real Definitions of the Affects”
• “Spinoza on Essence and Understanding”